Amasethi ejeneretha kadizili ikakhulukazi akhiwe izingxenye ezimbili: injini kanye ne-alternator

I-Engine Diesel engine iyinjini eshisa uwoyela wedizili ukuze ithole ukukhululwa kwamandla. Izinzuzo zenjini ye-diesel zingamandla aphezulu nokusebenza okuhle kwezomnotho. Inqubo yokusebenza kwenjini kadizili iyafana neyenjini kaphethiloli. Umjikelezo ngamunye wokusebenza udlula imivimbo emine: ukuthatha, ukucindezelwa, umsebenzi, nokukhipha. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi uphethiloli osetshenziswa ezinjinini zikadizili udizili, i-viscosity yawo iphakeme kunophethiloli, futhi akulula ukuhwamuka, futhi izinga lokushisa lokuvutha kwawo okuzenzakalelayo liphansi kunophethiloli. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka nokushiswa kwengxube evuthayo kuhlukile ezinjini zikaphethiloli. Umehluko omkhulu wukuthi ingxube esesilindani senjini kadizili iyacindezelwa esikhundleni sokuthi ibaselwe. Lapho injini kadizili isebenza, umoya ungena kusilinda. Lapho umoya ku-cylinder ucindezelwa kuze kube sekugcineni, izinga lokushisa lingafinyelela ku-500-700 degrees Celsius, futhi ingcindezi ingafinyelela kuma-atmospheres angu-40-50. Uma i-piston iseduze nendawo ephezulu efile, iphampu enengcindezi ephezulu enjinini ijova udizili kusilinda ngomfutho ophezulu. Idizili yakha izinhlayiya zikawoyela ezinhle, ezixutshwe nomfutho ophezulu kanye nomoya onezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lingafinyelela ku-1900-2000 degrees Celsius, futhi ingcindezi ingafinyelela kuma-atmospheres angu-60-100, okukhiqiza amandla amaningi.

Injini yejeneretha kadizili iyasebenza, futhi i-thrust esebenza ku-piston iguqulwa ibe amandla ashayela i-crankshaft ukuthi ijikeleze entongeni yokuxhuma, ngaleyo ndlela iqhube i-crankshaft ukuthi ijikeleze. Injini kadizili ishayela ijeneretha ukuthi isebenze, iguqule amandla edizili abe amandla kagesi.

I-alternator ifakwe i-coaxially ne-crankshaft yenjini ye-diesel, futhi i-rotor ye-generator ingaqhutshwa ukujikeleza kwenjini ye-diesel. Isebenzisa umgomo 'wokungenisa i-electromagnetic', ijeneretha izokhipha amandla e-electromotive, angakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla amanje ngesekhethi yomthwalo ovaliwe. ezimbili. Amasistimu enjini kadizili ayisithupha: 1. Uhlelo lokuthambisa; 2. Uhlelo lwamafutha; 3. Uhlelo lokupholisa; 4. Uhlelo lokungenisa kanye nokukhipha umoya; 5. Uhlelo lokulawula; 6. Qala uhlelo.

[1] I-Lubrication system anti-friction (i-high speed rotation ye-crankshaft, uma ingekho ukuthambisa, i-shaft izoncibilika ngokushesha, futhi i-piston ne-piston ring zizobuyiselana ngesivinini esikhulu kusilinda. Ijubane lomugqa liphezulu kakhulu njengo-17-23m/s, okulula ukubangela ukushisa nokudonsa isilinda. ) Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi unciphise ukuguga nokudabuka kwezingxenye zemishini. Futhi inemisebenzi yokupholisa, yokuhlanza, yokubeka uphawu, kanye ne-anti-oxidation kanye nokugqwala.

Ukugcinwa kwesistimu yokugcoba? Hlola izinga likawoyela masonto onke ukuze ugcine izinga likawoyela elilungile; ngemuva kokuqala injini, hlola ukuthi umfutho kawoyela ujwayelekile yini. ? Hlola izinga likawoyela njalo ngonyaka ukuze ugcine izinga likawoyela elilungile; hlola ukuthi umfutho kawoyela ujwayelekile yini ngemuva kokuqala injini; thatha isampula lamafutha bese ubuyisela isihlungi samafutha namafutha. ? Hlola izinga lamafutha nsuku zonke. ? Thatha amasampula kawoyela njalo emahoreni angama-250, bese ubuyisela isihlungi sikawoyela namafutha. ? Hlanza i-crankcase breather njalo emahoreni angama-250. ? Hlola izinga likawoyela wenjini ku-crankcase futhi ugcine izinga likawoyela liphakathi kwamamaki “okuhlanganisa” kanye “nokugcwala” ohlangothini “lokumisa injini” lwe-dipstick kawoyela. ? Hlola izingxenye ezilandelayo zokuvuza: i-crankshaft seal, i-crankcase, isihlungi sikawoyela, ipulaki yephaseji kawoyela, inzwa kanye nekhava yevalvu.

[2] Uhlelo lukaphethiloli luqeda ukugcinwa, ukuhluzwa nokulethwa kukaphethiloli. Idivayisi yokuhlinzeka ngophethiloli: ithangi likadizili, iphampu yamafutha, isihlungi sikadizili, isijojo sikaphethiloli, njll.

Ukugcinwa kwesistimu yesibaseli Hlola ukuthi amalunga elayini kaphethiloli axegekile noma ayavuza. Qiniseka ukuthi unikeza uphethiloli enjinini. Gcwalisa ithangi likaphethiloli ngophethiloli njalo emavikini amabili; hlola ukuthi umfutho kaphethiloli ujwayelekile yini ngemuva kokuqala injini. Hlola ukuthi umfutho kaphethiloli ujwayelekile yini ngemuva kokuqalisa injini; gcwalisa ithangi lamafutha ngophethiloli ngemva kokuba injini iyekile ukusebenza. Khipha amanzi kanye nenhlabathi ethangini likaphethiloli njalo emahoreni angama-250 Faka isihlungi esihle sikadizili njalo emahoreni angama-250

[3] Uhlelo lokupholisa Ijeneretha kadizili ikhiqiza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngenxa yokusha kukadizili kanye nokungqubuzana kwezingxenye ezihambayo phakathi nokusebenza. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izingxenye ezishisayo zenjini ye-diesel kanye negobolondo le-supercharger azithintwa ukushisa okuphezulu, futhi ukuqinisekisa ukugcotshwa kwendawo ngayinye yokusebenza, Kumele kupholiswe engxenyeni eshisayo. Uma ijeneretha yedizili ipholile kabi futhi izinga lokushisa lezingxenye liphezulu kakhulu, kuzodala ukwehluleka okuthile. Izingxenye zejeneretha ye-diesel akufanele ziphuze ngokweqile, futhi izinga lokushisa lezingxenye liphansi kakhulu ukuze kubangele imiphumela emibi.

Ukulungiswa kwesistimu yokupholisa? Hlola izinga lokupholisa nsuku zonke, engeza okokupholisa uma kudingeka? Hlola ukugcwala kwe-rust inhibitor endaweni epholile njalo emahoreni angama-250, engeza i-rust inhibitor lapho kudingeka? Hlanza lonke uhlelo lokupholisa njalo ngamahora angu-3000 bese ufaka isipholile esisha esikhundleni sakho ? Hlola izinga lokupholisa masonto onke ukuze ugcine izinga lokupholisa elilungile. ? Hlola ukuthi ingabe kukhona ukuvuza kwamapayipi njalo ngonyaka, hlola ukugcwala kwe-ejenti elwa nokugqwala endaweni epholile, bese wengeza i-anti-rust uma kudingeka. ? Khipha into epholile njalo eminyakeni emithathu, hlanza futhi ugeze isistimu yokupholisa; buyisela isilawuli sokushisa; buyisela i-hose yerabha; gcwalisa kabusha uhlelo lokupholisa ngesipholile.

[4] Isistimu ye-exhaust kanye ne-exhaust yenjini ye-diesel ihlanganisa amapayipi adonsayo nawokukhipha umoya, izihlungi zomoya, amakhanda amasilinda, namaphaseji okungenisa nokukhipha umoya kusilinda. Ukugcinwa komshini wokudonsa umoya kanye nesistimu yokukhipha umoya Hlola inkomba yesihlungi somoya masonto onke, bese ushintsha isihlungi somoya lapho kuvela ingxenye yesikhombi esibomvu. Shintsha isihlungi somoya minyaka yonke; hlola / lungisa ukuphuma kwe-valve. Hlola inkomba yesihlungi somoya nsuku zonke. Hlanza/shintshanisa isihlungi somoya njalo emahoreni angama-250. Uma isethi entsha yejeneretha isetshenziswa amahora angama-250 okokuqala ngqa, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe/kulungiswe ukuphuma kwe-valve.

[5] Isistimu yokulawula umjovo kaphethiloli, isilawuli sejubane esingenzi lutho, isilawuli sokuthatha, isilawuli se-boost, isilawuli esikhiphayo, isilawuli sokuqala

Ukuzihlolela wena iphutha nokuvikela ukwehluleka, Ukulawula okudidiyelwe kwenjini kadizili kanye nokushintshashintsha okuzenzakalelayo, Ukulawulwa komjovo wesibaseli: Ukulawula umjovo kaphethiloli ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa: ukulawulwa kokunikezwa kukaphethiloli (umjovo), ukulawula ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli (umjovo) ukulawula isikhathi, ukulawulwa kwesilinganiso sokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli (umjovo) kanye ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yomjovo kaphethiloli, njll.

Ukulawula isivinini sokungenzi lutho: Ukulawula isivinini sokungenzi lutho senjini kadizili ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi ukulawula isivinini sokungenzi lutho kanye nokufana kwesilinda ngasinye ngesikhathi sokungenzi lutho.

Ukulawula intake: Ukulawula ukungena kwenjini kadizili ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa ukulawulwa kwe-throttle edonsayo, isilawuli esishintshashintshayo sokungenisa esishintshashintshayo kanye nokulawula isikhathi se-valve eguquguqukayo.

Ukulawulwa kwe-Supercharging: Ukulawula ukushaja okuphezulu kwenjini kadizili kulawulwa kakhulu yi-ECU ngokuya ngesivinini senjini ye-diesel, isignali yokulayisha, isignali ye-boost pressure, njll., ngokulawula ukuvulwa kwe-valve ye-wastegate noma i-engeli yomjovo yegesi yokukhipha i-injector, kanye ne-turbocharger turbine exhaust gas inlet Izinyathelo ezinjengosayizi we-cross-section zingakwazi ukubona ukulawula isimo sokusebenza futhi zikhuphule ingcindezi ye-exhaust gas turbocharger, ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici ze-torque zenjini kadizili, ithuthukise ukusheshisa ukusebenza, futhi kunciphise ukukhishwa nomsindo.

Ukulawula ukungcola: Ukulawula ukungcola kwezinjini zikadizili ngokuyinhloko ukulawulwa kwe-exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). I-ECU ilawula ngokuyinhloko ukuvulwa kwevalvu ye-EGR ngokohlelo lwenkumbulo ngokuya ngesivinini senjini kadizili nesiginali yokulayisha ukulungisa izinga le-EGR.

Ukulawula ukuqalisa: Ukulawula ukuqalisa kwenjini yedizili ngokuyinhloko kufaka phakathi isilawuli sokunikezwa kukaphethiloli (umjovo), ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli (umjovo) ukulawula isikhathi, nokulawula idivayisi yokushisisa kusengaphambili. Phakathi kwazo, ukulawulwa kokunikezwa kukaphethiloli (umjovo) kanye nokulawula isikhathi sokuhlinzekwa kwamafutha (umjovo) kuyahambisana nezinye izinqubo. Isimo siyafana.

Ukuzihlolela iphutha kanye nokuvikela ukwehluleka: Isistimu yokulawula i-electronic diesel nayo iqukethe amasistimu angaphansi amabili: ukuzihlola wena nokuvikela ukwehluleka. Uma isistimu yokulawula i-electronic diesel ihluleka, uhlelo lokuzihlola luzokhanyisa "i-fault indicator" ku-instrument panel ukukhumbuza umshayeli ukuthi anake, futhi agcine ikhodi yephutha. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, ikhodi yephutha kanye nolunye ulwazi lungatholwa ngezinqubo ezithile zokusebenza; ngesikhathi esifanayo; Isistimu yokwehluleka kokuphepha ivula uhlelo lokuvikela oluhambisanayo, ukuze uphethiloli wedizili uqhubeke nokusebenza noma uphoqeleke ukuthi umiswe.

Ukulawulwa okudidiyelwe kwenjini kadizili nokushintshashintsha okuzenzakalelayo: Ezimotweni zikadizili ezifakelwe ugesi ozishintshayo olawulwa nge-elekthronikhi, i-ECU yokulawula injini kadizili kanye ne-ECU yokulawula ukudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo kudidiyelwe ukuze kutholakale ukulawula okuphelele kwenjini kadizili kanye nokuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwemoto. .

[6] Inqubo eyisizayo yohlelo lokuqala kanye nomsebenzi wezisekeli zenjini ye-diesel kudla amandla. Ukwenza inguquko yenjini isuke esimweni esimile iye esimweni sokusebenza, i-crankshaft yenjini kufanele iqale ijikelezwe ngamandla angaphandle ukwenza i-piston ibuyele, bese kushiswa ingxube evuthayo esesilinda. Ukunwetshwa kuyasebenza futhi kwehlisa ipiston ukuze ijikelezise i-crankshaft. Injini ingakwazi ukuzisebenza ngokwayo, futhi umjikelezo womsebenzi ungaqhubeka ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngakho-ke, yonke inqubo kusukela lapho i-crankshaft iqala ukujikeleza ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle kuze kube yilapho injini iqala ukungenzi lutho ngokuzenzakalelayo ibizwa ngokuthi ukuqala kwenjini. Hlola ngaphambi kokuqala ijeneretha·Hlola uphethiloli Hlola ukuthi amajoyinti elayini kaphethiloli awakhululekile yini nokuthi akukho ukuvuza. Qiniseka ukuthi unikeza uphethiloli enjinini. Futhi idlula u-2/3 wesilinganiso esigcwele. Isistimu yokuthambisa (hlola uwoyela) ihlola izinga likawoyela ku-crankcase yenjini, futhi igcina izinga likawoyela “ku-ADD” kanye “KUGCWELE” “kwesitobhi senjini” ku-dipstick kawoyela. Maka phakathi. ·Ukuhlola izinga loketshezi lwe-Antifreeze .Ukuhlola amandla ebhethri Ibhethri alivuzi futhi amandla ebhethri angu-25-28V. Iswishi yokukhipha i-generator ivaliwe.